This paper examines the effectiveness of a 5-year community-based health promotion program to reduce the rate of substance use, particularly alcohol, by adolescents on a Plains State American Indian reservation.

The program was part of the Kaiser Family Foundation Community Health Promotion Grants Program.

Since a reservation control group was not available, adolescents serving as control groups for other Community Health Promotion Grants Program communities, including a small sample of rural American Indians, were used as a basis for comparison.

School-based surveys of 9th and 12th graders were carried out on the reservation and in five relevant California control communities - two suburban, three rural - in 1988,1990, and 1992.

The results showed that the use of both alcohol and marijuana declined substantially among American Indian adolescents living on the reservation.

Binge drinking (five or more drinks on an occasion) declined from 46 percent to 30 percent, and marijuana use (in the past month) declined from 46 percent to 29 percent over the 4-year period.

However, there were similar, if smaller, declines in alcohol use in the comparison groups.

Since there was no evidence of a relative increase in exposure to alcohol and drug programs on the reservation, the authors are cautious in attributing the significant and heartening declines in substance use among adolescents on the reservation to the community-based program.